Two Videos Cover The Design Questions And Construction Process Of A Post And Beam Patio Roof Structure
How to frame a hip roof. Full demonstration of layout, cuts, and assembling
Video 1: Design a Roof extension over an existing patio
Existing patio is outside the dining room on the west side of the house. the patio is essentially unusable on a sunny afternoon in the summer.
This video looks at a couple of design options, including attaching the roof ledger below that of the existing eaves and setting the patio roof atop the existing roof.
The latter option was chosen because the low roof and roof beam would have blocked the view from the dining area. Did we say that the house is in Bozeman, MT, where the view is worth viewing?
Work from the view back, not from the house, out.
- Calculate the sightline clearance height, about 6 feet, 2 inches, in this case.
- Determine the beam size: 8 inches in this case.
- Choose a roof pitch and roof structure
This places the new roof on top of the existing roof. The next question is what to do with the existing eave under the new roof: kick it or keep it?
To tie the design together, Peter chose to cut the rafter tails off the extend the exterior wall up to the underside of the new roof. As it turned out, the existing roof structure is a truss system, but they were able to contact the original truss manufacturer to verify that cutting the tails off would not jeopardize the structural integrity of the trusses.
From the we-hope-this-is-obvious desk: Never alter engineered trusses without the approval of a licensed professional engineer. Ever.
The next design decision: material selection
Video 2: Construction process
Where To Use A Hipped Roof
Hip roofing designs are popular among homeowners throughout the entire United States, but theyre most ideal for windy and snowy environments. The framing design offers unmatched structural durability. The inward slope of all four sides is the reason why this type of roof is so durable and sturdy, with a slant that allows snow and water to easily slide off.
Keep in mind: To protect against high winds or strong storms, the recommended pitch for a hipped roof is 4/12-6/12 .
If youre interested in installing a hipped roof on your home, get in touch with us today to see what our team can do for you. We provide roofing installation and replacement services for homeowners throughout southeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Well send out a technician who can provide you with a free consultation that will help you decide whether you want asphalt shingles, metal roofing, or another type altogether for your new roof.
In the next sections, well discuss the pros and cons of the hip roof shape. This will help you decide whether youd like to continue with the process or select another shape for your house, like gable.
Hip Vs Gable Roof In A Nutshell
A hip roof is a type of roof design where all roof sides slope downward toward the walls where the walls of the house sit under the eaves on each side of the roof.
A gable roof is a type of roof design where two sides slope downward toward the walls and the other two sides include walls that extend from the bottom of the eaves to the peak of the ridge.
The purpose of your homes roof is to protect the entire structure from weather.
Most residential roofs are sloped, so water runs down the slope into gutters or off the eaves.
Roof designs can range from very basic.
To very complex.
With lots of angles, valleys, varying pitches, dormers, etc.
And while many roofs are strictly hip roofs
Or strictly gable roofs.
Others use a combination of both roof types to create unique roof designs.
Now.
Lets look a little closer.
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Types Of Roofing Materials
In addition to the type or style of roof that you choose and your regions climate, youll want to consider what type of roofing material works best for your area, the type of roof that you desire, and your budget.
Asphalt shingles are one of the most commonly utilized roofing materials, and they will work with most roof designs.
However, keep in mind that asphalt isnt as durable or long-lasting as other roofing materials, and if you live in an area that deals with extreme weather like hailstorms, windstorms, heavy rain, or even earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes, you may want to look into other types of roofing materials.
If you do live somewhere with these types of weather patterns or events, clay or concrete tile might be a good choice.
While they tend to be used in hot, dry climates, most clay or concrete tiles are rated for wind uplift of 125 MPH or higher.
Slate roofing systems are considered to be some of the most luxurious or high-end roofing options, and for good reason.
Not only is natural slate uniquely striking, it can last for 50 to 100 years or longer, making a slate roof an excellent long-term investment.
Wooden shingles such as cedar shingles or cedar shakes are another good choice for a long-term investment due to their longevity, durability, and high-end feel, and they will work with most of the aforementioned roof types or styles.
What Is A Gambrel Roof
Gambrel roofs also referred to as barn roofs or barn-style roofs are similar to mansard roofs in several ways.
However, unlike a mansard roof, gambrel roofs only have two sloped sides instead of four, resulting in a roof that is somewhat triangular as opposed to square or rectangular.
This type of roof has a steep lower slope that is almost vertical, a gentler upper slope, and they also offer some storage or extra living space in the form of an attic, loft, or garret.
While the name comes from the Latin gamba or the French gamberal, meaning a horses hock or leg, that name for this type of originated in the United States, with the European name for the style being curb or kerb roof.
Gambrel roofs are often used on Dutch Colonial or Georgian style homes, along with barns and barn style homes, log cabins, farmhouses, and even exterior buildings like sheds and separate garages.
They can have a rustic feel or a more elegant look, making them one of the more versatile styles of roof.
Windows or dormers are a common addition to a gambrel roof as they supply natural light to the garret or loft area under the roof as well as improving the general aesthetic appeal of the property, but they do also increase the chance of a roof leak repair, so it is important to get regular inspections and check the flashing around the windows if you have a gambrel roof with dormers or similar architectural details.
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Advantages Of Hip Roofs
- Aesthetic appeal: Hip roofs are a visually appealing addition to a home and can even increase its value. Inside the house, the vaulted ceiling was naturally created by the hip roof design gives the homeowners many options for interior decor.
- Durable: these types of roofs are more durable and stable than gable roofs because of their four sloping sides.
- Excellent weather protection: in regions that face high winds and heavy snowfalls, hip roofs make a better option since their slant allows ice or snow to easily slide off. Hip roofs are also excellent for hurricane-prone areas.
- Extra living space: hip roofs provide extra living space with the addition of a dormer or rooftop window in the attic.
- Energy-efficient: hip roofs arent just ideal for cold and windy climates. Their ability to keep the house cool in the summer makes them perfect for warm climates. This is thanks to the four sides of the roof that shelter the house from excessive heat. These eaves keep the house adequately protected from extreme weather, thus making hip roofs one of the most energy-efficient design options.
- Reliable drainage: the downward slopes of hip roofs provide excellent drainage during heavy storms and rainfalls.
Assembling The King And Hip Rafters
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Double Check For A Better Freestanding Patio Cover
Now you have the structure of a freestanding patio cover. You can begin to cover the patio with the materials of your choice such as lattice wood, translucent fiberglass, wood and shingles, metal panels , boards and netting, or canvas shade sails.
The structure that you have just made is the simplest one. There are various kinds of structures available that suit your patio very well.
But you have to remember to double-check the level of the whole patio before adding the roof. For more freestanding patio cover ideas, check out these ten fantastic patios.
Hip Roof Framing Basics
How To Frame A Hip Roof | Generation Next | This Old House
Just like any other type of roof, hip roof framing starts by figuring the length and cutting a common rafter. The common rafter will determine the height and length of the ridge board which will establish where the hip rafters are located.
Pros
- A simple hip roof slopes down on all four sides, tying the exterior walls together making for a sturdier building than a gable roof. Especially useful in high wind prone areas.
- Increases overall value and appearance of the home.
- No tall gable walls which saves on sheathing, siding, or brick.
Cons
- More difficult to construct than a gable roof.
- More expensive than a gable roof.
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Tiege Hanley Level : Covering Skin Care For Men Basics
This provides a complete system for you to get started. The Level 1 version of the Tiege Hanley Skin Care System gets you going without feeling like youve left something out.
Its got the daily cleanser we talked about to help clean and prep your skin, an exfoliating scrub to get rid of bacteria, and AM/PM moisturizers to keep your skin healthy and smooth.
Measuring And Cutting Rafters
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Creating Waterproof Hip Roof Shed Junctions
There are three alternatives to use on the hip junctions that I have tried:
Hip roof joint waterproofed with ‘soaker’shingles
Hip roof joint waterproofed with strip of lead replacement
No additional waterproofing for this cedar shingle roof to a gazebo
I have used each of these approaches and they all work. Your choice will depend on the degree of exposure to the elements and your need for the structure to be completely waterproof. Method 1 is the most weather resistant and Method 3 the least. Though having said that the top of a ridge is generally where there is least water.
Is A Hip Roof Strong
Hip roofs are one of the strongest types of roofing structures simply because of the way theyre designed. Their four sloping sides make them more stable and durable than standard gable roofs, because theyre more resistant to high winds and heavy rain/snow.
Not only are they strong, but if you choose to add a dormer or crows nest, these roofs can provide you with more room or storage space. Theyre also energy-efficient because the four sides of the roof shelter your home from excessive cold or heat.
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Life Span Of Hip Roof
According to the statistical reports, it has been found that the hip roof can last as long as 50 years if it is constructed with proper techniques and utmost care.
Mostly, the life span of this roofing is dependent on the construction materials used as well as the quality of the maintenance provided.
When the hip roof is constructed using stable materials such as steel shingles they can last for long periods.
Some Steps On How To Attach A Patio Roof To An Existing House
Attaching a patio roof to an existing house is not a doddle, but it does not mean that you cannot do it. You just need some assistances of experts if you are not really good at carpentry.
Before attaching a patio roof to your home, you need to prepare some materials such as:
- Nail gun
- Ledger
Steps:
- Measure the sightline clearance height from the roof to the house, not the other way around.
- Measure the size of the beam that you are going to use.
- You can either remove the eave or just keep it.
- Using lag bolts and a screwdriver, fasten the base of the posts to the ground. You have to make sure that they sit plumb.
- Make a cutting on one of the sides of the horizontal roof beam on an angle. You have to do it thoroughly so that the rafters sit flush on it.
- Attach the horizontal beam by using a nail gun. After that, to make it flush with the roof of the existing house, cut the two outer rafters.
- Now you can begin assembling the outer rafters and attaching the rafter beam to the edge of the roof of the house.
- Cut each of the house ends while continuing installing the rafters so that they fit the top of the rafter beam perfectly.
- When all the rafters are installed correctly, form your patio roof by attaching the planks horizontally across the rafters.
- If you are going to use shingles to cover the patio roof, do not forget to install black roofing felt along with a single layer of oriented strand board. When they are installed, you can begin attaching roofing shingles.
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What Is A Sawtooth Roof
If you picture a saw blade and how the edge is serrated, then you have a good idea of what a sawtooth roof looks like.
Composed of multiple slopes set at the same angle so that the vertical and pitched surfaces alternate , sawtooth roofs are becoming a popular choice in modern home design.
This is because sawtooth roofs allow for higher ceilings, larger windows, and lofted living space.
However, sawtooth roofing systems are costly to install and maintain due to their complicated design they also pose a higher risk for leaks and water damage, making them inadvisable for areas that receive heavy snow or rainfall.
Sawtooth roofs do allow for the installation of eco-friendly additions, like PV solar panels, geothermal lighting, and radiant heating systems.
They can utilize most roofing materials, including wood shingles, metal shingles, or reinforced concrete.
Hip Roof Vs Gable Roof: What To Consider & How To Choose
How To Layout And Build Garage Hip Roof Using Engineered Trusses
Metal roofing is a great option for both residential and commercial structures, but beyond just choosing panel type, roof shape options also come into play. Among the most common roof styles in the U.S are a gable and a hip style.
Here well take a quick look at these two distinct styles, explaining key features and differences, and identifying reasons you might want to consider one over the other for a given metal roofing project, depending on your performance or structural needs as well as aesthetic preferences.
Hip Roof
A hip roof can easily be identified by the fact in most cases it has slopes of equal length on all four sides, which come together at the top to form the ridge. In many cases, two sides form a triangle shape and the other two sides form a trapezoid shape . A hip roof does not have any vertical ends.
Among the key advantages of hip roofs are they: provide greater stability and are more durable than gable roofs due to the inward slope of all four sides. do well in areas prone to high wind and rain. are typically seen with lower roof slopes. allow for more appealing roof lines to be achieved.Note: For high wind or strong storm-prone areas, proper engineering design, construction and roof system maintenance are especially critical in order to prevent major problems.
Gable Roof
Breaking Down the Key Considerations
Also, are you trying to cover up equipment on top of a roof? If so, height differences might play into your decision.
In Summary
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FAQs
How many squares do you need for a hip roof? ›
For a hip roof with a low slope, you'll multiply the footprint of the roof by 1.4 to get the square footage of your roof. For a steep and complex roof, you'll multiply the footprint of the roof by 1.6 to get the square footage of your roof.
How do you calculate shingles for a hip roof? ›- Measure the length and width of each plane on the roof (including dormers) then multiply length times width.
- Add the square footage of each of the planes together.
Divide the total roof area by 32 to get the number of sheets you will need to cover the roof. A typical 4 foot by 8 foot sheet of plywood covers 32 square feet. If your roof area is 1,600 square feet, 1,600 divided by 32 will mean you need about 50 sheets to cover the roof. Add 10 percent to allow for waste.
How thick should a hip rafter be? ›The rule of thumb is that hips, purlins and ridge boards are at least 1.5 times the depth of the rafter.
How many squares is a 10x10 roof? ›For example, 10' x 10' is equal to 100 square feet, or one square.
How do you figure out how many squares of roofing I need? ›Squares. Often, roofing shingles will be measured in the number of squares of a roof. 1 square is equal to 100 square feet of the roof. To determine the amount of squares you'll need for your old or new roof, just divide the total square footage by 100.
How many bundles of shingles do I need for a hip roof? ›Since a bundle offers around 33 square feet of shingles, you'd need roughly three bundles per square. To find how many squares your roof has, you can divide the total square feet of your roof by 100.
What is the formula for roofing? ›Multiply your house length by your house width to get the area. (For example, 40 feet x 30 feet = 1,200 square feet.) Next, multiply the area by your roof's pitch. (1,200 x 1.05 = 1,260 square feet.)
How do you calculate the length of a hip rafter? ›This is just half the width of your roof, from the edge of your eaves to the centre of your stud wall. With those two measurements in place you will have the lengths of two sides of a right-angle triangle that can overlay nicely across your roof with the hip being the third side.
How many rafters are needed for a hip roof? ›King common rafters are the common rafters closest to the hip rafters. There are 6 of these rafters on every hip roof.
Does a hip roof need ceiling joists? ›
In many cases, hip roofs will need ceiling joists to help support the structure. However, there are cases when you can build one without using them. For example: square hip roofs typically won't require ceiling joists.
How steep can a hip roof be? ›A hip roof has sloping inclined ends as well as sloping sides. Typically, a steep pitch hip has an 8:12 or higher pitch/slope for the gable sides and inclined roof ends. Enter a percentage between 0 and 100.
How much does a 4x8 sheet of plywood cost? ›Standard Sizes of Plywood and Their Average Cost
A 4×8 sheet with 1/4-inch thickness can cost anything between $6 to $45. A sheet with an 11/32-inch thickness might cost somewhere between $15 to $120.
Most Common Thickness
The most common rafter spacing is 24 inches, and 5/8-inch plywood is recommended for that. It will support roof loads for most situations and is the standard for most roof applications. Roofs with very heavy loads may require 3/4-inch thickness.
Standard roof sheathing thickness is ½” to ⅝” thick. If you are using OSB for your roof deck, then ⅝” is the recommended thickness. For plywood, which is slightly stronger than strand board, ½” thick is appropriate.
Do hip roofs require load bearing walls? ›Probable Load-Bearing Walls
However a house with a hip roof structure suggests that all the exterior walls are bearing walls. Any wall, on all floors, directly above or parallel to a basement beam, typically wood, steel I-beam or a basement wall must be considered by a layman as directly load bearing.
Hip roofs are often strengthened with purlins – structural supporting boards that are attached horizontally across every common rafter about halfway down from the ridgeboard. This helps to transfer the weight of the roof load to the interior walls. Hip roofs are framed so that each side has the same slope, or pitch.
What angle do hip rafters run at? ›The king common at the end of the ridge and the king common on the side of the ridge intersect at a 90° angle. The hip rafter intersects this 90° angle at a 45° angle and runs diagonally down to the building corner.
How many squares is a 12x12 roof? ›The average size of 12×12 shed roof is 3 squares, which typically requires 9 bundles of three-tab asphalt shingles or any other starter strips.
How many squares is a 1000 sq ft roof? ›Calculate the roofing square to square feet value– This is perhaps the simplest part of the process simple divide the square footage by 100, for example, if you had 1000 square feet of roofing needed, you would need ten squares of roofing material.
How many squares is a 2000 sq ft roof? ›
Multiply the product by the flat roof area and divide by 100:- our house is 2000 square footage which as 2184 sq ft with overhangs, so 1.054 x 2184 = 2300 square feet, 2300 / 100 = 23 squares.
How much do most roofers charge per square? ›The average roofing labor cost is between $1.50 and $3.00 per square foot. In roofing, there's a common term called a “square” that you need to know. One roofing square covers 100 square feet. So you may receive a labor quote of $150 to $300 per square.
How many square feet is 20 squares? ›...
Please share if you found this tool useful:
| Conversions Table | |
|---|---|
| 20 Roofing Squares to Square Feet = 2000 | 900 Roofing Squares to Square Feet = 90000 |
This makes it relatively easy to figure out how many shingle bundles your roof requires: simply multiply the number of roofing squares by three. If your roof's area were equivalent to about 20 roofing squares, then you would need about 60 bundles of shingles.
How many squares is an average size roof? ›Most roofing is sold by the "square," enough to cover 100 square feet of roof area. Our sample house — a typical two-story, 2,300-square-foot house with a medium-pitch roof — has a roof area of about 1,500 square feet.
How many squares is a 1500 sq ft house? ›For a 1500 square foot house foot print, you will need approximately 19 squares or 57 bundles or 1653 pieces of standard size 3-tab shingles (19×3 = 57 bundles) to cover roof. Thus, to cover roof of a 1500 square foot house, you would need 57 bundles of shingles.
How many shingles do I need for 200 square feet? ›How many bundles of shingles do i need for 200 square feet. You will need approximately 6 bundles of standard size 3-tab asphalt shingles (2×3 = 6, rounded to 6 bundles) or 8 bundles of architectural shingles (2×4 = 8 bundles, rounded to 8) for 200 square feet.
How are hip and ridge shingles calculated? ›Just measure the length of the ridges and hips and divide by 35 to determine how many bundles of regular or hip-and-ridge shingles you'll need.
Is it more expensive to shingle hip roof? ›Total cost estimates for a hip roof are about 40% higher than for a gable roof for the reasons given above. As a partial offset, a hip roof will usually qualify for a small cost savings on your homeowners insurance in areas where roof damage from high winds is common.
How much should first row of shingles overhang? ›Whether installed at the eave or the rake, the starter shingles should overhang the edge of the roof by ¼ inch to ¾ inch. Typically, the finish shingles are then installed to align with the edge of the starters.
How do you determine the slope and height of a roof? ›
- First, you need to measure the run of your roof. ...
- Next, you need to figure out the rise. ...
- Now, divide the rise by the run. ...
- Then, divide 1 by your tangent.
- Finally, multiply this result by 180/π and you've calculated your roof pitch!
You can use the following equations to find the length of the rafter and the slope: rafter² = rise² + run² (from the Pythagorean theorem); rise / run = pitch , where pitch is expressed in percent; and. pitch = tan (angle) , where angle is the roof pitch expressed in degrees.
What is the roof pitch calculator? ›The roof pitch calculator calculates rise, run, slope, pitch, angle, and rafter length. Use the diagrams as a reference for the Input values, and to interpret the calculated Results. The roof pitch calculator calculates the following common rafter building scenarios: Pitch(X) - (based on Rise and Run)
How far can a 2x8 hip rafter span? ›A rule of thumb is 1.5 times a joist's depth but in feet when spaced at 16” centers. In general, a 2×8 will span 1.5 x 8, so 12-feet. Based on all factors though, a 2×8 joist span is 7'-1” to 16'-6”, and a rafter 6'-7” and 23'-9”.
What is the formula for rafter length? ›Just multiply the rise or run by the appropriate rafter length factor corresponding to your roof pitch. For example, if your roof pitch is 30ﹾ and your run is 2.4m then reading from the table the rafter length factor is 1.15. Multiply this factor by your run which gives your rafter length.
How do you determine the length of a ridge board on a hip roof? ›For calculating the length of a ridge simply subtract the width from the length. For example, assume the roof shown below is traditionally formed. The simplicity of this formula might surprise you, but it is converted indeed.
Where is the load on a hip roof? ›A hip roof is a roof in which the roof slopes upward from all four exterior walls to meet at a central ridge. There are no gable ends on a building with a hip roof. In hip roof designs, all four exterior walls support the ends of roof rafters, so all exterior walls bear a weight load from the roof above them.
Can a hip roof have different pitches? ›Their horizontal distance will always be longer than that of the main rafters. If the rise is the same but the run (and therefore the span) is different, then hips and valleys will have a different pitch.
Does a hip roof require load bearing walls? ›Probable Load-Bearing Walls
However a house with a hip roof structure suggests that all the exterior walls are bearing walls. Any wall, on all floors, directly above or parallel to a basement beam, typically wood, steel I-beam or a basement wall must be considered by a layman as directly load bearing.
A hip roof has a design in which all four sides of the roof slope. It's self-bracing, making it one of the most structurally sound and wind-resistant roof types. But, there's more than one kind of hip roof, which can get confusing. Plus, some houses use a combination of hip and gable roofs.
How many slopes are there in hip roof? ›
A hip roof is a roof where all four sides of the roof slope downwards from the peak. It does not have a gable or a flat end. Hip roofs are popular on church steeples, where they typically have a high pitch. They're also popular on houses in the suburbs, because they are easy to build.
What is the biggest advantage to having a hip roof? ›A hip roof has four slopes that come together at the top to form a ridge. Advantages: The four-way slope makes it much more stable than other roofing types, and allows water and snow to run off with ease. There is also more ventilation and space for an attic.
How far can a hip roof span? ›The rafters and sheathing are simply cladding applied to this frame. Using typical wood framing methods and materials, "tension ring" pyramids can be constructed spanning up to 30 feet.
Do hip roofs need vents? ›“Hip roofs are hard to gain proper exhaust ventilation because of the layout, and intake ventilation is generally non-existent,” said Bill Corley, president, Style Exteriors by Corley, Oak Lawn, Ill. Corley said he uses Edge Vent for intake and either multiple box vents or a roof-mount power fan.
What materials are used for hip roofs? ›Hip roofs tend to be made from metal (usually steel in Australia), or terracotta or concrete tiles. Other materials can be used, however these are the most popular.
Can you use trusses on a hip roof? ›When framing hip roofs with trusses, we most often use a step-down hip truss system. Trusses in this system have the same span as common trusses, but they're flat on top. The flat parts of the hip trusses become progressively wider and lower as the trusses step away from the last common truss to begin forming the hip.
How far can a load-bearing wall span without support? ›A rule of thumb is 1.5 times a joist's depth but in feet when spaced at 16” centers. In general, a 2×8 will span 1.5 x 8, so 12-feet. Based on all factors though, a 2×8 joist span is 7'-1” to 16'-6”, and a rafter 6'-7” and 23'-9”.
What supports the hip rafter? ›Because of this, the structural support for these members is provided by the rafters that frame into them, the ridge member being supported by the side rafters, and the hip rafters being supported by the jack rafters.